As Oklahoma State University Extension specialists emphasize the continuous threat of tick-borne illnesses, an emerging health risk in Oklahoma and the southeastern United States is on the rise, specifically the alpha-gal allergy. While tick bites are less common during cooler months, states with mild winters face a year-round risk.
For many, the alpha-gal allergy remains a mystery, causing a range of symptoms that have long baffled medical professionals. One Oklahoma resident, Stephanie McAllister, endured a 12-year ordeal marked by an unrelenting cough, joint pain, and other mysterious symptoms. Her journey led her to an encounter with a tick in 2019, which resulted in a severe allergic reaction, prompting her to investigate the alpha-gal allergy herself. After pressing for an alpha-gal blood test, McAllister received a positive diagnosis, bringing an end to her years of unexplained suffering.
Alpha-gal syndrome is linked to the lone star tick, which transfers a compound called alpha-gal when it bites a human. This compound is present in the meat of mammals such as beef, pork, and venison, potentially causing severe allergic reactions. What makes this allergy challenging to diagnose is its delayed onset, with symptoms manifesting 2 to 6 hours after consuming the allergenic product. These symptoms include hives, nausea, heartburn, coughing, and swelling, among others.
A report from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) indicates that the northeast and central regions of Oklahoma have some of the highest rates of alpha-gal syndrome in the country. The lone star tick, the primary carrier of the alpha-gal compound, is prevalent in areas where cases of this allergy are on the rise.
Although symptoms can fade over time, alpha-gal syndrome can be reactivated if individuals are exposed to tick bites again. Prevention remains key, with health experts recommending the use of insect repellants containing DEET and wearing protective clothing in grassy or wooded areas. Regular tick checks are also advised.
Alpha-gal awareness is growing, and those affected are changing their outdoor habits. McAllister now takes precautions such as using bug spray and ensuring her pets have tick and flea medicine. Her experience has shed light on the potentially life-threatening effects of tick encounters, leading her to advise others to be vigilant and seek medical help if they suspect they may have the alpha-gal allergy.
