Researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences have identified a small protein, PNA5, that may offer protective benefits for brain cells, potentially leading to new treatments for the cognitive symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. This discovery could represent a significant advancement, as current therapies primarily address motor symptoms, leaving cognitive decline largely untreated.
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly recognized for its motor symptoms, including tremors, stiffness, and balance issues. However, cognitive impairment is also a crucial aspect of the disease, with 25% to 30% of patients experiencing mild cognitive impairment at diagnosis. As the disease progresses, this figure can rise to between 50% and 70%. “Unfortunately, we do not have effective treatments for cognitive decline or dementia in Parkinson’s disease,” said Dr. Lalitha Madhavan, an associate professor of neurology at the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson.
The research team, led by Madhavan in collaboration with Dr. Torsten Falk, has published their findings in Experimental Neurology. They focused on PNA5, a protein developed by Dr. Meredith Hay, which appears to have neuroprotective properties in animal models. “With PNA5, we’re targeting cognitive symptoms specifically, aiming to prevent further degeneration,” said Kelsey Bernard, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher and the study’s first author.
While the exact causes of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear, chronic inflammation is thought to play a significant role. In Parkinson’s disease, immune cells in the brain, known as microglia, can become hyperactive, leading to further damage. “When microglia are constantly activated, they can exacerbate damage to surrounding brain tissue,” Bernard explained.
The research team discovered that these overactive microglia release inflammatory chemicals that negatively impact neurons in regions critical for learning and memory. Following treatment with PNA5, levels of this inflammatory chemical decreased, correlating with reduced brain cell loss. The researchers believe that PNA5 helps normalize the microglial response, thereby protecting the brain.
PNA5 was developed through modifications to a naturally occurring chemical in the body, enhancing its ability to penetrate the brain and remain effective longer. Hay is also exploring PNA5’s potential applications for other forms of dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Dr. Madhavan expressed optimism about the research, noting, “It has already been tried in other models, which gives me hope.” She envisions a future where PNA5 could be part of a multi-drug regimen for Parkinson’s patients, addressing both cognitive and motor symptoms. “It’s a complex condition that requires complex solutions,” she added.
The research team plans to conduct further studies to identify biomarkers, refine dosage levels, and explore sex differences in response to PNA5. “PNA5 shows promise in potentially halting or delaying the progression of Parkinson’s and improving brain cell health,” Madhavan stated.
This study is part of Bernard’s doctoral research, conducted under the mentorship of Madhavan and Falk. “The brain is the most fascinating part of the body,” Bernard remarked. “Understanding what causes brain cells to function correctly—and what leads them to malfunction—is crucial.”
The research received support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the ARCS Foundation Scholarship.
Related Topics:
-
Research Emphasizes That Air Pollution Is A Key Environmental Factor At Risk For Autism
-
Singer Amy Grant Emphasizes The Need For Support To Combat Women’S Heart Disease
-
Research Shows That Nature Is Beneficial For Children’S Mental Health
