Pregnancy is a time of significant physical changes as a woman’s body adapts to support the developing fetus. While some discomforts are to be expected, others may be more concerning. Upper stomach pain during pregnancy is a common issue many women experience, especially in the later stages. Understanding the potential causes of this pain and when it’s a sign of something more serious can help alleviate anxiety and ensure both maternal and fetal health.
In this article, we will explore the various causes of upper stomach pain during pregnancy, from normal, pregnancy-related changes to more serious conditions. Additionally, we will discuss what to do when upper stomach pain occurs and when to seek medical advice.
Causes of Upper Stomach Pain During Pregnancy
Upper stomach pain during pregnancy can have many different causes. Some are perfectly normal and occur as part of the body’s adaptation to pregnancy, while others may require medical intervention. Understanding the different causes can help women manage their discomfort and seek help when necessary.
1. Hormonal Changes and Digestive Discomfort
One of the most common causes of upper stomach pain during pregnancy is the hormonal changes that occur to support pregnancy. These hormonal fluctuations can impact the digestive system, causing symptoms like bloating, indigestion, and heartburn.
Progesterone and Digestive Changes
As pregnancy progresses, the body releases the hormone progesterone, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the pregnancy. However, progesterone also relaxes the muscles of the digestive tract, which can slow down digestion and lead to discomfort. When the digestive system moves more slowly, it can cause bloating, gas, and indigestion. This may result in a sensation of fullness or mild pain in the upper abdomen.
Heartburn and Acid Reflux
Another common digestive issue during pregnancy is heartburn, which occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. This can cause a burning sensation in the chest or upper stomach area. Heartburn is especially common in the second and third trimesters due to the growing uterus pressing on the stomach, increasing the likelihood of acid reflux.
2. Round Ligament Pain
Round ligament pain is another common source of discomfort during pregnancy. The round ligaments, which are located on both sides of the uterus, support the growing uterus. As the uterus expands, these ligaments stretch, which can cause pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen and, sometimes, the upper abdomen.
Although round ligament pain is most often felt in the lower abdomen, it can also be experienced higher up as the body adjusts to accommodate the growing baby. The pain is typically sharp and fleeting and may be triggered by sudden movements like standing up quickly, coughing, or changing positions. Though round ligament pain is generally not a cause for concern, it can contribute to upper stomach discomfort.
3. Gallbladder Issues
During pregnancy, hormonal changes can affect the function of the gallbladder, a small organ that helps digest fats. The hormone progesterone can cause the muscles of the gallbladder to relax, leading to slower emptying and an increased risk of gallstones.
Gallstones can block the flow of bile, causing pain and discomfort, particularly in the upper right part of the abdomen. The pain may be sharp, steady, or cramp-like and can sometimes radiate to the back or shoulder blades. Gallbladder issues, including gallstones or inflammation, can lead to more serious complications if left untreated, so it’s essential to seek medical attention if you experience persistent or severe upper stomach pain.
4. Constipation and Gas
Pregnancy hormones also slow down the digestive system, which can contribute to constipation. The combination of slowed digestion and increased pressure on the intestines from the growing uterus can result in gas buildup, bloating, and discomfort in the upper stomach. This pain can feel like fullness or pressure in the abdomen, often exacerbated by eating large meals or consuming certain foods that trigger gas.
5. Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a potentially serious condition that can occur during pregnancy, typically after the 20th week. It is characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs, often the kidneys. One of the symptoms of pre-eclampsia is upper stomach pain, specifically in the area just under the ribs (the upper right side). This pain may be accompanied by other signs, including headaches, swelling in the hands or face, and changes in vision.
If you experience upper stomach pain along with any of these other symptoms, it’s essential to seek immediate medical attention, as pre-eclampsia can lead to severe complications for both mother and baby if not managed properly.
6. Liver Conditions
In some cases, upper stomach pain during pregnancy may be related to liver conditions, such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). ICP is a condition where the liver’s bile flow is disrupted, leading to a buildup of bile acids in the blood. This can cause itching, particularly on the hands and feet, and pain in the upper abdomen, usually on the right side.
Liver conditions during pregnancy should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider. ICP can lead to complications such as preterm labor or fetal distress, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.
7. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
While urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more commonly associated with lower abdominal pain, they can sometimes cause pain in the upper abdomen, particularly if the infection spreads to the kidneys. Pain in the upper stomach area accompanied by symptoms like painful urination, fever, or back pain may indicate a UTI that has progressed to a kidney infection, which requires immediate medical attention.
8. Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a rare but serious condition during pregnancy, where the appendix becomes inflamed and infected. Although it is more common to feel pain in the lower right abdomen with appendicitis, in some cases, the pain may radiate to the upper abdomen. The pain is usually severe, constant, and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever.
If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical care, as untreated appendicitis can lead to the rupture of the appendix, which can be life-threatening for both the mother and baby.
9. Miscarriage or Ectopic Pregnancy
While upper stomach pain is less common in early pregnancy for miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, it’s still possible to experience pain in the upper abdomen due to complications in the early stages. If you experience upper stomach pain alongside vaginal bleeding, dizziness, or severe cramping, it may indicate a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, both of which require immediate medical attention.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While mild discomfort or occasional upper stomach pain is common during pregnancy, there are instances where medical attention is necessary. You should seek immediate medical care if:
-
You experience severe or constant upper stomach pain that doesn’t subside.
-
Pain is accompanied by swelling, especially in the hands or face.
-
You have difficulty breathing, or you feel dizzy or faint.
-
You experience nausea or vomiting that accompanies stomach pain.
-
You notice a change in urine color or experience painful urination.
-
There is any unusual or heavy bleeding.
If you have any concerns about the severity of your symptoms, it’s always best to contact your healthcare provider. Early intervention can prevent complications and ensure the health and safety of both mother and baby.
Conclusion
Upper stomach pain during pregnancy is common and can be caused by various factors, from hormonal changes to digestive issues and more serious conditions. Understanding the causes of this pain and how to differentiate between normal and concerning symptoms is essential for managing discomfort and ensuring a healthy pregnancy. If you experience severe or persistent upper stomach pain, it’s important to consult with your healthcare provider for further evaluation. With proper care and attention, most causes of upper stomach pain during pregnancy can be managed effectively, allowing you to focus on the excitement of your pregnancy journey.
You Might Be Interested In:
Vaginal Itching During Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Why Vaginal Pressure During Pregnancy Is Totally Normal?
Vomiting Blood During Pregnancy: Causes, Risks & Management
