Pregnancy is a time of joy, but it can also come with uncomfortable symptoms—especially nausea and vomiting. Many women experience vomiting during pregnancy, often called morning sickness, though it can happen at any time of day. This article explains why vomiting occurs, when it’s normal, when it might be a concern, and how to manage it effectively.
What Causes Vomiting During Pregnancy?
Vomiting in pregnancy is primarily caused by hormonal changes, but other factors contribute as well.
Hormonal Changes
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin):
- This hormone rises rapidly in early pregnancy.
- Higher levels are linked to more severe nausea.
- Peaks around weeks 9-12, which is when many women feel the worst.
Estrogen & Progesterone:
These hormones slow digestion, making nausea worse.
They also relax stomach muscles, increasing acid reflux.
Increased Sensitivity to Smells & Tastes
Many pregnant women develop a stronger sense of smell.
Certain odors (like food, perfume, or smoke) can trigger vomiting.
Stress & Fatigue
Emotional stress and exhaustion can worsen nausea.
Lack of sleep makes the body more sensitive to discomfort.
Low Blood Sugar
Skipping meals or going too long without eating can cause nausea.
The body reacts more strongly to hunger in pregnancy.
Genetic Factors
If your mother or sister had severe morning sickness, you might too.
When Does Vomiting Usually Happen?
- Most common in the first trimester (weeks 5-12).
- Usually improves by weeks 14-16, but some women have it longer.
- A small percentage experience nausea throughout pregnancy.
Morning Sickness vs. Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Severe Vomiting)
- Morning Sickness Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG)
- Mild to moderate nausea & vomiting Severe, constant vomiting
- Can usually keep some food down Can’t keep food or liquids down
- Doesn’t cause dehydration Leads to dehydration & weight loss
- Goes away by mid-pregnancyMay last all pregnancy
- Home remedies help. Requires medical treatment
HG is dangerous if untreated—it can lead to:
- Severe dehydration
- Weight loss
- Nutrient deficiencies
- Electrolyte imbalances
See a doctor immediately if:
- You vomit more than 3-4 times a day
- You can’t keep any food or water down for 24 hours
- You lose more than 5% of your pre-pregnancy weight
- You feel dizzy, weak, or have dark urine (signs of dehydration)
How to Manage Vomiting During Pregnancy
Dietary Changes
- Eat small, frequent meals (every 2-3 hours).
- Avoid spicy, greasy, or strong-smelling foods.
- Try bland foods (crackers, toast, bananas, rice).
- Eat protein-rich snacks (nuts, cheese, yogurt).
- Sip ginger tea, lemon water, or peppermint tea.
- Avoid drinking large amounts with meals (can trigger vomiting).
Lifestyle Adjustments
- Get fresh air (open windows, take short walks).
- Rest when tired (fatigue worsens nausea).
- Avoid strong odors (cooking smells, perfumes).
- Acupressure wristbands (may help some women).
Medical Treatments
- Vitamin B6 & Doxylamine (Unisom): Safe and effective for nausea.
- Anti-nausea medications: Prescribed if home remedies don’t work.
- IV fluids & hospitalization: Needed for severe dehydration (HG).
When to Worry:
Call your doctor if you experience:
- Vomiting blood (could indicate a tear in the esophagus).
- Severe abdominal pain (may signal other complications).
- No urination for 8+ hours (sign of dehydration).
- Fainting or extreme weakness.
Conclusion
Vomiting in pregnancy is common, but severe cases need medical care. Most women find relief by adjusting their diet, resting, and using safe remedies. If vomiting becomes uncontrollable, seek help immediately to protect your health and your baby’s.
Related topics:
Your Poop May Change During Pregnancy — Here’s How
Your Guide to a Pregnancy-Safe Skin Care Routine
10 Pregnancy Snacks for Your Cravings and Challenges
