Cannabis, with its long history of use for various purposes, is increasingly popular among young people globally. However, its perceived harmlessness and lack of dependence belie its negative impact on long-term mental health. The psychoactive compound THC in cannabis is primarily responsible for adverse outcomes, despite the presence of beneficial compounds like cannabichromene (CBC). This review focuses on analyzing the mental health impact of cannabis use among Australian and American youth, given the similarity in legalization contexts.
Study Design:
The authors conducted an extensive search for relevant studies on cannabis’s mental health impact on young populations in Australia and the US. They included various study types, such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sectional studies, totaling 24 selected studies (3 in Australia, 21 in the US).
Important Observations:
Depression and Anxiety: Cannabis use significantly increases depression risk among young people, with varying results for anxiety risk.
Suicidal Risk: Cannabis use is associated with increased suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, with higher susceptibility among females.
Psychosis: Frequency of cannabis use correlates with psychosis risk, with females showing higher prevalence.
Cannabis Use Disorder and Dependence: Intensity of cannabis use correlates with disorder risk, particularly for blunt use.
Study Significance:
This review underscores the association between cannabis use and mental health issues in youth, including depression, psychosis, suicidal tendencies, and substance use disorders. Factors such as frequency, duration, and intensity of use, as well as demographic characteristics, influence mental health risks. Awareness campaigns are crucial to inform young people about these risks and promote informed decision-making regarding cannabis use.
